4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

All you want to know about 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase

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4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase
Identifiers
Symbol	HPD
Alt. Symbols	PPD;
Entrez	3242
HUGO	5147
OMIM	609695
RefSeq	NM_002150
UniProt	P32754
Other data
EC number	1.13.11.27
Locus	Chr. 12 q24-qter

4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase HPD is a Cu-containing enzyme, that catalyzes the third reaction in the catabolism of phenylalanine and tyrosine - the conversion of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate to homogentisate.

Function

The HPD reaction occurs through a NIH shift and involves the oxidative decarboxylation of an α-oxo acid as well as aromatic ring hydroxylation. The NIH-shift, which has been demonstrated through isotope-labeling studies, involves migration of an alkyl group to form a more stable carbocation. The shift, accounts for the observation that C3 is bonded to C4 in 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate but to C5 in homogentisate.

The reaction mechanism of HPD.

v • d • e Oxidoreductases: monooxygenases (EC 1.13)

1.13.11 - two atoms of oxygen	lipoxygenase: Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase · Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase/ALOX12 · Arachidonate 8-lipoxygenase · Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase/ALOX15 · Linoleate 11-lipoxygenase other dioxygenase: Catechol dioxygenase · Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase · Cysteine dioxygenase · 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase · Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

1.13.12 - one atom of oxygen	Firefly luciferase

1.13.99 - other	Inositol oxygenase

v • d • e

Metabolism: amino acid metabolism - synthesis and catabolism enzymes (essential in CAPS)

K→acetyl-CoA

G→pyruvate

glycine→serine→	Serine hydroxymethyltransferase - Serine dehydratase

alanine→	Alanine transaminase

cysteine→	D-cysteine desulfhydrase

threonine→	L-threonine dehydrogenase

G→glutamate


HISTIDINE→	Histidine ammonia-lyase - Urocanate hydratase - Formiminotransferase cyclodeaminase

proline→	Proline oxidase - Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase - 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase/ALDH4A1 - PYCR1

arginine→	Ornithine aminotransferase - Ornithine decarboxylase - Agmatinase

→alpha-ketoglutarate→TCA	Glutamate dehydrogenase

G→propionyl-CoA

G→fumarate


PHENYLALANINE→tyrosine→	Phenylalanine hydroxylase - Tyrosine aminotransferase - 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase - Homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase - Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase