Administrative scriveners (行政書士 gyōsei shoshi?), also known as gyosei-shoshi lawyers (certified administrative procedures specialists), form a legal profession in Japan.
The primary occupation of administrative scriveners is "to prepare filings to government agencies, and other documents related to rights, liabilities and evidence of facts, for compensation at the request of others." Administrative scriveners have a [monopoly] on this practice under Japanese law. There are certain exceptions to this monopoly: for instance, judicial scriveners have a monopoly on filings to courts, prosecutors, the police and the Legal Affairs Bureau (in the latter case, excluding naturalization applications, which are the sole domain of administrative scriveners). The monopoly does not extend to the actual filing of documents, which may generally be performed by any person for compensation.
Administrative scriveners may also give advice on the preparation of such documents, one of the few exceptions to the attorney at law's monopoly on giving "legal advice" for compensation.
Attorneys at law, certified public accountants, patent attorneys and tax attorneys are automatically qualified to register as administrative scriveners. Any person who has worked in an "administrative position" at a government agency for 20 years is also entitled to the qualification. The third way to become an administrative scrivener is to pass an examination administered by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, which tests knowledge of the Constitution, Civil Code, Commercial Code and Administrative Code.
Administrative scriveners are found in a variety of roles. Many specialize in immigration matters, motor vehicle registrations, wills, or incorporating companies.
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