African Century

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The African Century is a term that has a variety of meanings. First, the term expresses the belief that the 21st century will bring peace, prosperity and cultural revival to Africa, or is used to draw attention to the need of such an evolution. It is used in this way by among others Thabo Mbeki, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma and David J. O'Reilly^[1]^[2]^[3]. The stability and prosperity of democratic South Africa since the fall of the apartheid regime is often used as an example that such evolution is possible. The creation of the African Union in 2002 is seen as one of the first steps in this evolution.

Indeed, the first decade of the 21st Century brought much hope. The last African colony, Namibia, became independent at the beginning of the last decade, majority rule was established in South Africa, and there was a revival of democracy in many parts of Africa. But, hope that the 21st century would be the African century was quickly muted. Rwandan genocide, followed by continuing Dafur genocide, manipulation of elections or completely ignoring the elections or the outcome of elections by some leaders diverted Africa's attention from more urgent issues of civil wars, AIDS, malaria, and education. Investment in peace, health, and education was recognized by many African leaders as the essential element for economic and social emancipation that are necessary for making the 21st Century to be the African Century.

References

v • d • e Pan-Africanism

Proponents	Politicians: Nnamdi Azikiwe · Amílcar Cabral · Muammar al-Gaddafi · Marcus Garvey · David Comissiong · Kenneth Kaunda · Jomo Kenyatta · Patrice Lumumba · Thabo Mbeki · Abdias do Nascimento · Kwame Nkrumah · Julius Nyerere · John Nyathi Pokela · Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia · Robert Mangaliso Sobukwe · Ahmed Sékou Touré · I.T.A. Wallace-Johnson Others: Molefi Kete Asante · Steve Biko · Francis Ohanyido · Edward Wilmot Blyden · John Henrik Clarke · Cheikh Anta Diop · W. E. B. Du Bois · Frantz Fanon · John G. Jackson · Yosef Ben-Jochannan · Sankofa Juba · Maulana Karenga · Akwatu Khenti · Bob Marley · Malcolm X · Zephania Mothopeng · George Padmore · Dr Motsoko Pheko · Runoko Rashidi · Walter Rodney · Burning Spear · Henry Sylvester-Williams · Stokely Carmichael · Omali Yeshitela

Concepts	United States of Africa · Afrocentrism · Kwanzaa · Pan-African colours · Pan-African flag · Négritude · African nationalism · African socialism · African Century · Africanization · Kawaida · Ujamaa · Harambee · Ubuntu · Zikism

Organizations	African Union (OAU) · Uhuru Movement · UNIA-ACL · African Unification Front · International African Service Bureau

v • d • e Power in international relations

Types of power	Philosophical power · Soft power · Hard power · Political power (Machtpolitik • Realpolitik)

Types of power status	Middle power · Regional power · Great power · Superpower (Potential superpowers · Energy superpower) · Hyperpower

Geopolitics	African Century · American Century · Asian Century · British Century · Chinese Century · European Century · Indian Century · Pacific Century

Theory and history	Historical powers · Polarity in international relations · Military power projection · Power transition theory · Second Superpower · Superpower collapse · Superpower disengagement

Organizations and groups	G8 · G8+5 · G77 · BRI(M)C · Next Eleven · SCO · NATO · CSTO · ANZUS