Aqidah

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Part of a series on the Islamic creed:
Aqidah
Five Pillars of Islam

Shahādah - Profession of faith
Salah - Prayer
Zakâh - Paying of alms (giving to the poor)
Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca
Sunni Six articles of belief

Tawhīd - Oneness
Nabi and Rusul - Prophets and Messengers
Kutub - Divinely Revealed Books.
Malā'ikah - Angels
Qiyâmah - Judgment Day
Qadr (Predestination)
Shi'a Twelver
Principles of the Religion (Usul al-Din)

Tawhīd - Oneness
Adalah - Justice
Nubuwwah - Prophethood
Imamah - Leadership
Qiyâmah - Judgment Day
Shi'a Twelver
Practices of the Religion (Furu al-Din)

Salah - Prayer
Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca
Zakâh - Poor-rate
Khums - One-fifth tax
Jihad - Struggle
Amr-Bil-Ma'rūf - Commanding good
Nahi-Anil-Munkar - Forbidding evil
Tawalla - Loving the Ahl al-Bayt
Tabarra - Disassociating Ahl al-Bayt's enemies
Shi'a Ismaili 7 pillars

Walayah - Guardianship
Taharah - Purity & cleanliness
Salah - Prayers
Zakâh - Purifying religious dues
Sawm - Fasting during Ramadan
Hajj - Pilgrimage to Mecca
Jihad - Struggle
Others

Kharijite Sixth Pillar of Islam.

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Aqeedah (sometimes spelled as Aqeeda, Aqidah or Aqida) (Arabic: عقيدة) is an Islamic term meaning creed. Any religious belief system, or creed, can be considered an example of aqeedah. However this term has taken a significant technical usage in Muslim history and theology, denoting those matters over which Muslims hold conviction. There are three main accepted schools of Sunni Aqeedah: Ashari, Maturidi and Athari.

Contents

Introduction

Muslims enumerate their creed to include the Six articles of belief. There is a consensus on the elements of this creed across all spectrums as they are clearly articulated in the Quran.

Sectarian differences between Shias and Sunnis are often expressed in differences in branches or elaboration of creedal beliefs as opposed to the core creed (aqeedah).

For example, Muslims may have different ideas regarding the attributes of God or about the purpose of angels. However there is no dispute on the existence of God, that he has sent his revelation via messengers nor that man will be held to account and rewarded or punished with heaven or hell.

Six articles of belief

In the Hadith Sahih Al-Muslim and Sahih Muhammad al-Bukhari, Muhammad explains, "It (Al-Iman/faith) is to affirm your faith in Allah, His angels, His Books, His Messengers and the Last Day, and to believe in the Divine Destiny whether it be good or bad."

The six Sunni and Shia articles of belief are:

  1. Belief in God (Allah), the one and only one worthy of all worship (tawhid).
  2. Belief in all the Prophets (nabi) and Messengers (rusul) sent by God
  3. Belief in the Angels (mala'ika).
  4. Belief in the Books (kutub) sent by God (including the Qur'an).
  5. Belief in the Day of Judgment (qiyama) and in the Resurrection (life after death).
  6. Belief in Destiny (Fate) (qadar).

In Sunni and Shia view, having "Iman" literally means to have belief in Six articles. However the importance of Iman relies heavily upon reasons. Islam explicitly asserts that belief should be maintained in that which can be proven using faculties of perception and conception.

Shi'a beliefs and practices

Roots of Religion (Usūl al-Dīn)

  1. Tawhīd (Oneness): The Oneness of Allah.
  2. Adalah (Justice): The Justice of Allah.
  3. Nubuwwah (Prophethood): Allah has appointed perfect and infallible prophets and messengers to teach mankind the religion (i.e. a perfect system on how to live in "peace".)
  4. Imamah (Leadership): God has appointed specific leaders to lead and guide mankind — a prophet appoints a custodian of the religion before his demise.
  5. Qiyamah (The Day of Judgment): Allah will raise mankind for Judgment

Branches of Religion (Furū al-Dīn)

  1. Salat- The 5 daily prayers.
  2. Sawm (Fast) - Fasting during the month of Ramadan.
  3. Hajj (Pilgrimage) - Undertaking the pilgrimage to Mecca.
  4. Zakaat (Poor-rate) - Paying the poor-due.
  5. Khums (One-fifth) - Paying a tax of 20%, which is levied on un-taxed, annual profit.
  6. Jihad (Struggle) - Struggling to earn the favor of God. The greater jihad, "al-Jihad al-Akbar", is the struggle against the evil within one's own soul. The lesser jihad, "al-Jihad al-Asghar", is where one fights on the battlefield in defence of his religion when attacked.
  7. Amr-Bil-Ma'rūf - Encouraging people to perform good deeds.
  8. Nahi-Anil-Munkar - Dis-couraging people from performing sin.
  9. Tawalla - To love Ahl al-Bayt.
  10. Tabarra - To disassociate oneself from the enemies of the Ahl al-Bayt.

Ismaili beliefs

The branch of Islam known as the Ismāˤīlī is the second largest Shiˤa community. The majority of Muslims do not believe they are in the fold of Islam given their rejection of core creedal ideas.[citation needed] They observe the following pillars of Islam:

  1. Tawhīd
  2. Imāmah
  3. Nubuwwah
  4. Qiyāmah
  5. Ṣalāt

Literature

Many Muslim scholars have attempted to explain Islamic creed in general, or specific aspects of aqeedah. The following list contains some of the most well-known literature.

Sunni Literature

Shia Literature

References

  1. ^ Islamic Belief (Al-'Aqida)
  2. ^ http://arabic.islamicweb.com/Books/creed.asp?book=5
  3. ^ Salafi Publications | Aqeedatul-Waasitiyyah - The Text
  4. ^ http://www.al-muwahhideen.com/exp_creed.htm

External links


Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqidah"

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