Aymaran languages

Aymaran Jaqi, Aru
Geographic distribution:	Central South America, Andes Mountains
Genetic classification:	Quechumaran ?  Aymaran
Subdivisions:	Aymara Jaqaru-Kawki
ISO 639-2:	que

Aymaran (also Jaqi, Aru, Jaqui, Aimara, Haki) is one of the two dominant language families of the central Andes, along with Quechuan.

Quechuan languages, especially that of the south, share a large amount of vocabulary with Aymara, and the languages have often been grouped together as Quechumaran. This proposal is controversial, however; the shared vocabulary may be better explained as intensive borrowing due to long-term contact.

Family division

Aymaran consists of 2 languages:

1. Aymara (a.k.a. Aimara, Southern Aymara, Collavino Aymara, Altiplano Aymara), usually classified into two or three subdivisions.

2. Jaqaru-Kawki (a.k.a. Central Aymara, Tupino Aymara, Tupe Aymara, Cauqui, Hakaru-Kauki)

a. Jaqaru (a.k.a. Hakaru, Haqearu, Haqaru, Haqʼaru)

b. Kawki (a.k.a. Cauqui, Kauki, Jaqaru of Cachuy)

Aymara 'proper' has approximately 2.2 million speakers; 1.7 million in Bolivia, 350,000 in Peru, and the rest in Chile and Argentina.

Jaqaru has approximately 725 speakers in central Peru, while Cauqui had 9 surviving speakers as of 2005. Cauqui is little documented, though its relationship with Jaqaru is extremely close. Initially they were considered by Dr Martha Hardman (on very limited data at the time) to be different languages, but all subsequent fieldwork and research has contradicted this and demonstrated that they are very similar and mutually intelligible varieties of a single language - even to consider them different dialects would be something of an exaggeration.

See also

• Jaqaru
• Aymara language
• Quechuan and Aymaran spelling shift

Bibliography

• Adelaar, Willem F. H.; & Muysken, Pieter C. (2004). The languages of the Andes. Cambridge language surveys. Cambridge University Press.
• Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
• Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com).
• Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46-76). London: Routledge.

v • d • e Languages of Chile Living languages Ayacucho Quechua · Central Aymara · Chilean Quechua · Chilean Sign Language · Huilliche · Mapudungun · Quechua · Rapa Nui · German · Spanish Extinct and endangered languages Kawésqar/Alacaluf (≤ 22) · Kunza† · Ona/Selknam (1-3) · Tehuelche† · Yaghan (1) ; Cacán† Language families Aymaran · Chon · Malayo-Polynesian · Quechuan · Romance

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