Charles A. Ferguson (6 July 1921 – 2 September 1998) was a U.S. linguist who taught at Stanford University. He was one the founders of sociolinguistics and is best known for his work on diglossia. The TOEFL test was created under his leadership at the Center for Applied Linguistics in Washington, DC. Ferguson was also the leader of a team of linguists in Ethiopia under the Ford Foundation's Survey of Language Use and Language Teaching. One of the many publications that came out of this was his article proposing the Ethiopian Language Area (Ferguson 1976), an article that has become widely cited and an important milestone in the study of contact linguistics.
Ferguson is also widely noted for his seminal article on diglossia, published in 1959 and (reprinted since then in other publications). The original article has been cited in print over 900 times according to the statistics on Google Scholar.
He was honored with a two-volume collection of papers in a 1986 festschrift, edited by Joshua A. Fishman and others.
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