Close back unrounded vowel

All you want to know about Close back unrounded vowel

Vowels
v • d • e
See also: IPA, Consonants
e• d• enlarge Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
Close
i • y
ɨ • ʉ
ɯ • u
ɪ  ʏ
  ʊ
e • ø
ɘ • ɵ
ɤ • o
ɛ • œ
ɜ • ɞ
ʌ • ɔ
a • ɶ
ɑ • ɒ
Near‑close
Close‑mid
Mid
Open‑mid
Near‑open
Open
Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right
represents a rounded vowel.
IPA – number 316
IPA – text ɯ
IPA – image {{{imagesize}}}
Entity ɯ
X-SAMPA M
Kirshenbaum u-
Sound sample (help·info)

The close back unrounded vowel is a type of vowel sound used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ɯ, and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is M. The IPA symbol is a turned letter m, although given its relation to the sound represented by the letter u, it can be considered a u with an extra "bowl". The sound is sometimes referred to as "unrounded u".

Contents

Features

  • Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel roundedness is unrounded, which means that the lips are spread.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Alekano hanuva [hɑnɯβɑ] 'nothing'
Azeri qırx [ɡɯrx] 'forty'
Crimean Tatar canım [dʒanɯm] 'please'
Korean[1] 금 (金) / geum [kɯm] 'gold' See Korean phonology
Kyrgyz кыз [qɯʒ] 'girl'
Scottish Gaelic caol [kɯːl] 'strait'
Turkish ılık [ɯˈɫɯk] 'mild' See Turkish phonology
Vietnamese tư [tɯ̄] 'fourth' See Vietnamese phonology

Close back compressed vowel

The close back compressed vowel is a type of vowel sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound.

Features

  • Its vowel height is close, which means the tongue is positioned as close as possible to the roof of the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel backness is back, which means the tongue is positioned as far back as possible in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant.
  • Its vowel roundedness is compressed, which means the corners of the mouth are drawn slightly together and the lips may be compressed horizontally, but do not protrude.

Occurrence

As there is no official diacritic for compression in the IPA, the spread-lip diacritic [  ͍ ] will be used here with the rounded vowels as an ad hoc symbol. Another possibility would be the old diacritic for labialization, [  ̫ ].

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Japanese 空気/kuuki [ku͍ːki] 'air' See Japanese phonology
Swedish oro [ù͍β̞ru͍β̞] (help·info) 'unease' Contrasts with a close central and close front compressed vowel. See Swedish phonology

See also

References

  1. ^ Lee (1999:122)

Bibliography

  • Lee, Hyun Bok (1999), "Korean", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association:A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet, Cambridge University Press, 120-123, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel"

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