Dominique Strauss-Kahn

Dominique Strauss-Kahn
10th Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund
Incumbent
Assumed office  1 November 2007
Preceded by	Rodrigo de Rato
Finance and Economiy Minister of France
In office 4 June 1997 – 2 November 1999
Preceded by	Jean Arthuis
Succeeded by	Christian Sautter
Born	25 April 1949 (1949-04-25) (age 59) Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
Nationality	French
Political party	Socialist Party
Religion	Jewish

Dominique Strauss-Kahn, often referred to as DSK, (born 25 April 1949 in Neuilly-sur-Seine) is a French economist, lawyer, and politician, member of the Socialist Party (PS). He was selected as the new Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) on 28 September 2007.

A former Finance and Economy Minister in Lionel Jospin's "Plural Left" government, he belongs to the center-left wing of the PS. He sought the nomination in the primaries to the Socialist presidential candidacy for the 2007 election but was defeated by Ségolène Royal in November 2006.

DSK was also a Professor at the National Administration School (ENA), at the Paris Institute for Political Studies ("Sciences Po") and the HEC School of Management.

Contents 1 Origins and education 2 Academic career 3 Political career 3.1 Minister for Industry (1991-93) 3.2 Minister for Economics, Finances, and Industry (1997-99) 3.3 In opposition 3.4 IMF Managing Director 4 Terms 5 Works 6 References 7 External links

Origins and education

Dominique Strauss-Kahn was born on 25 April 1949 to a Jewish family from mixed Askhenazi and Sephardi origins, in the wealthy Paris suburb of Neuilly-sur-Seine. He spent part of his childhood in Agadir, Morocco, which he left after the 1960 earthquake to go to Monaco.

In high school, he earned top grades and entered the prestigious school Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC) and then studied political science at Sciences Po. Furthermore, he obtained a degree in public law, as well as a Ph.D and an agrégation in economics.

Academic career

In 1977, Strauss-Kahn became an economics professor. He taught at the University of Nancy-II (1977-1980), at the University of Nanterre (since 1981) and the École nationale d'administration (ENA) administration school. After a short time teaching at HEC, he became professor at Sciences Po.

In 1971, he worked at the Centre de recherche sur l'épargne (Research Centre on Savings) alongside Paul Hermelin, who many years later (1991) was to become his chief of staff at the Ministry of Industry, and Denis Kessler, at the time a member of the Revolutionary Communist League and a future vice-president of the MEDEF employers' union. In 1982, Kessler became his teaching assistant in Nanterre, and co-authored L’Épargne et la Retraite ("Savings and Retirement") with him the same year.

He came back to Sciences Po to teach the introductory economics course from 2000 to 2007.

Political career

Strauss-Kahn was first an activist member of the Union des Etudiants Communistes (UEC, Union of Communist Students) ^[1], before joining in the 1970s the Centre d'études, de recherches et d'éducation socialiste (Center on Socialist Education Studies and Research, CERES) led by Jean-Pierre Chevènement, future presidential candidate for the 2002 election ^[1]. There, he befriended the future French prime minister Lionel Jospin (PS).

After the election of President François Mitterrand (PS) in 1981, he decided to stay out of government. He got involved in the Socialist Party (PS), at the time led by Lionel Jospin and founded Socialisme et judaïsme ("Socialism and Judaism"). The next year, he was appointed to the Commissariat au plan (Planning Commission) as commissaire-adjoint.

In 1986 he was elected deputy for the first time in the Haute-Savoie department, and in 1988 in the Val-d'Oise department. He became chairman of the National Assembly Committee on Finances, famously exchanging heated words with the Finance Minister Pierre Bérégovoy (PS).

Minister for Industry (1991-93)

In 1991, he was nominated by Mitterrand to be Junior Minister for Industry and Foreign Trade in Édith Cresson's social-democrat government. He kept his position in Pierre Bérégovoy's government until the 1993 general elections.

After the electoral defeat of 1993, Strauss-Kahn was appointed by former Prime Minister Michel Rocard chairman of the groupe des experts du PS ("Group of Experts of the Socialist Party"), created by Claude Allègre. The same year, he founded the law firm "DSK Consultants" and worked as a business lawyer.

In 1994, Raymond Lévy, then director of Renault, invited him to join the Cercle de l’Industrie, a French industry lobby in Brussels, where he met the billionaire businessman Vincent Bolloré and top manager Louis Schweitzer; Strauss-Kahn served as secretary-general and later as vice-president. This lobbyist activity earned him criticism from the alter-globalization left.

In June 1995, he was elected mayor of Sarcelles and married Anne Sinclair, a famous television journalist working for the private channel TF1 and in charge of a political show, Sept sur Sept. She ceased presenting this show after DSK's nomination as Minister of Economics and Finance in 1997 to avoid conflict of interest, while DSK himself would cede his place as mayor to François Pupponi in order to avoid double responsibilities.

Minister for Economics, Finances, and Industry (1997-99)

In 1997, Prime Minister Lionel Jospin (PS) appointed Strauss-Kahn as Minister for Economics, Finance, and Industry, making him one of the most influential ministers in his Plural left government.

Although it was in theory contrary to the Socialist Party's electoral program, he implemented a wide privatization program, which included among others the IPO of France Telecom; he also implemented some deregulation policies in the research and development sector. The French economy achieved an excellent performance during his term of office: the GDP increased, whereas unemployment and public debt decreased (creation of 300,000 jobs in 1998, a level not seen since 1969). This helped to strengthen his popularity and managed to win the support of former supporters of Lionel Jospin and Michel Rocard, making him the leader of the reform-oriented group Socialisme et démocratie. DSK tried to oppose the working time reduction to 35 hours, a measure proposed by Martine Aubry, Minister for Social Policies.

In 1998 he became one of the leaders of the Socialist Party for the regional elections in the Ile-de-France region (Paris and suburbs), which were won by the PS. But as DSK refused to exchange his ministry for the executive leadership of the Ile-de-France, Jean-Paul Huchon became the president of the regional council.

In 1999, he was accused of corruption in two financial scandals related to Elf and the MNEF, a student mutual health insurance, and decided to resign from his ministerial office to fight these charges, in agreement with the "Balladur jurisprudence." He was replaced by Christian Sautter. He was acquitted in November 2001, and was reelected in a by-election in the Val-d'Oise.

As Minister of Economics and Finance, DSK succeeded in decreasing the VAT to 5.5% for renovation works in construction, thus supporting this activity. At the same time, he decreased the budget deficit, which was more than 3% of GDP under Alain Juppé's conservative government (1995-97). He thus prepared France's entrance in the euro zone. DSK also repealed the Thomas Act on hedge funds and launched the Conseil d'orientation des retraites (Orientation Council on Pensions).

DSK succeeded in combining followers of Jospin and Rocard in the same political movement, Socialisme et démocratie, but failed to make it more than an informal network.

In opposition

After Jacques Chirac's success in the 2002 presidential election and the following Union for a Popular Movement (UMP)'s majority in Parliament, DSK was reelected deputy on 16 June 2002, in the 8th circonscription of the Val-d'Oise. He first declined in taking part in the new leadership of the PS, then in the opposition, in the 2003 congress of the party. But he joined the party's leadershp again at the end of 2004, and was given overall responsibility for drawing up the Socialist programme for the 2007 presidential election, along with Martine Aubry and Jack Lang. During the summer meeting of 2005, he announced that he would be a candidate for the primary elections of the Socialist Party for the presidential election.

At the same time, DSK co-founded the think tank À gauche en Europe (To the Left in Europe) along with Michel Rocard ^[2]. He presided jointly with Jean-Christophe Cambadélis over the Socialisme et démocratie current in the PS.

DSK was one of the first French politician to enter the blogosphere ^[3]; his blog became one of the most visited, along with Juppé's blog during his stay in Quebec ^[4].

DSK then campaigned for the "Yes" at the referendum on the Project for a Treaty establishing a Constitution in Europe. More than 54% of the French citizens refused it, damaging DSK's position inside the PS, while left-wing Laurent Fabius, who had campaigned for a "No" vote, was reinforced.

IMF Managing Director

Strauss-Kahn sought the nomination for the Socialist candidacy in the 2007 presidential election. His challengers were former prime minister Laurent Fabius and Ségolène Royal, the president of the Poitou-Charentes region. Strauss-Kahn finished second, behind Royal. On 13 April 2007, DSK called for an "anti-Sarkozy front" between the two rounds of the forthcoming presidential election ^[5]. Following Ségolène Royal's defeat, DSK criticized the PS's strategy and its chairman, François Hollande ^[6]. Along with Fabius, he then resigned from the party's national directorate in June 2007 ^[7].

On 10 July 2007, he became the consensus European nominee to be the head of the IMF, with the personal support of President Nicolas Sarkozy (member of the conservative UMP party). Former Polish Prime Minister Marek Belka withdrew his candidacy as it was opposed by the majority of European countries ^[8]. Some critics alleged that Sarkozy proposed DSK as managing director of the IMF to deprive the Socialist Party of one of its more popular figures^[9].

Strauss-Kahn became the front runner in the race to become Managing Director of the IMF, with the support of the 27-nation European Union, the United States, China and most of Africa. On 28 September 2007, the International Monetary Fund's 24 executive directors selected him as the new managing director. Strauss-Kahn replaces Spain's Rodrigo de Rato. ^[10] On 30 September 2007, Dominique Strauss-Kahn was formally named as the new head of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The only other nominee was the Czech Josef Tosovsky, a late candidate proposed by Russia. Strauss-Kahn said: "I am determined to pursue without delay the reforms needed for the IMF to make financial stability serve the international community, while fostering growth and employment." ^[11]

On October 18, 2008, the IMF announced it would conduct an investigation into an allegation reported by a long-standing governing board member, Shakour Shaalan of Egypt, that Strauss-Kahn had an affair with Piroska Nagy, a Hungarian-born senior economist at the IMF who subsequently left the IMF with a severance package. ^[12] On October 25, 2008, the IMF Board issued the findings of the investigation. While noting that the affair was "regrettable and reflected a serious error of judgment on the part of the managing director," the Board cleared Strauss-Kahn of harassment, favoritism or abuse of power, and indicated that he would remain in his post.^[13][14]

Terms

• 2 February 1986 - 14 May 1988: representative
• 13 June 1988 - 16 June 1991: representative
• 20 March 1989 - 18 March 1990: Member of the Sarcelles town council (Val-d'Oise)
• 19 March 1990 - 17 June 1995: Member of the Sarcelles town council (Val-d'Oise)
• 17 May 1991 - 2 April 1992: Delegate Minister for Industry and Foreign Trade (under the Minister of State, Minister of Economy, Finance and Budget, Pierre Berégovoy)
• 3 April 1992 - 29 March 1993: Delegate Minister for Industry and Foreign Trade (under the Minister of Economy, Finance and Budget, Michel Sapin
• 18 June 1995 - 18 March 2001: Member of the Communal Council of Sarcelles (Val-d'Oise)
• 18 June 1995 - 3 June 1997: Mayor of Sarcelles (Val-d'Oise)
• 1 June 1997 - 4 July 1997: representative
• 4 June 1997 - 18 March 2001: Deputy Mayor of Sarcelles (Val-d'Oise)
• 4 June 1997 - 2 November 1999: Minister of Economy, Finance and Industry.
• 2 April 2001 - 18 June 2002: representative

From 2002 to 2007:

• Representative of Val-d'Oise
• Deputy - Mayor of Sarcelles, Val-d'Oise
• President of the Community of Cities of the Val de France.

From 2007:

• Managing Director, IMF.

Works

• La Flamme et la Cendre, Grasset, 2002 (ISBN 2-01-279122-0)
• Lettre ouverte aux enfants d’Europe, Grasset, 2004 (ISBN 2-246-68251-7)
• Inflation et partage des surplus ; le cas des ménages. Cujas, 1975. (avec la coll. d'André Babeau, et André Masson).
• Économie de la famille et accumulation patrimoniale. Cujas. 1977.
• La Richesse des Français- Epargne, Plus-value/Héritage. (avec la coll. d'André Babeau). Paris: PUF, 1977. Collection « L'économiste » dirigée par Pierre Tabatoni. Enquête sur la fortune des Français.
• Pierre Bérégovoy : une volonté de réforme au service de l'économie 1984-1993. Cheff, 2000. (avec la coll. de Christian Sautter)
• Pour l'égalité réelle: Eléments pour un réformisme radical, Note de la Fondation Jean Jaurès 2004
• DVD pour le Oui à la constitution, 2005
• 365 jours, journal contre le renoncement, Grasset 2006

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Dominique Strauss-Kahn

• (French) DSK's blog
• (French) Socialisme et Démocratie website
• (French) official campaign site for the 2007 presidential elections

National Assembly of France
Preceded by Yves Sautier	Deputy for Haute-Savoie 1986 – 1988	Succeeded by Michel Meylan
Preceded by ?	Deputy for Val-d'Oise 1988 – 1991	Succeeded by ?
Preceded by ?	Deputy for Val-d'Oise, 8th circonscription 2001 – 2007	Succeeded by François Pupponi
Political offices
Preceded by Roger Fauroux	Minister for Industry and Foreign Trade of France 1991 – 1993	Succeeded by Gérard Longuet
Preceded by Raymond Lamontagne	Mayor of Sarcelles 1995 – 1997	Succeeded by François Pupponi
Preceded by Jean Arthuis	Minister for Economics, Finance, and Industry of France 1997 – 1999	Succeeded by Christian Sautter
Business positions
Preceded by Rodrigo Rato	Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund 2007 – present	Incumbent

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