A Muffin (US: English muffin), also known as a Hot Muffin, or a Breakfast Muffin is a round, yeast-leavened form of bread almost always dusted with cornmeal. It may be eaten at breakfast in North America. It is also widely eaten in Britain, particularly with other savoury breakfast foods such as bacon, fried egg and sausage.
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Muffins are a more bread-like version of the crumpet. They are simply referred to as muffins (sometimes breakfast muffins) in the UK and sometimes in Australia and New Zealand. Muffins are made with a soft, kneaded dough of flour, milk, yeast, sugar, and salt. This proofs (rises), is rolled out and formed into shape, and left to rise again. The muffins are typically cooked in an oven, but may be re-heated using a grill or toaster.
Muffins are commonly available for retail in the United States, the UK, Canada, New Zealand, and Australia. They are also found on the breakfast menus of American fast food restaurants worldwide. They are most often toasted then topped with butter and/or jam. They are also used in breakfast sandwiches with meat (bacon, ham, or sausage), egg (fried, scrambled, poached or steam-poached) and / or cheese. They are the base ingredient in the traditional New York brunch dish, Eggs Benedict.
"English Bread and Yeast Cookery" by Elizabeth David, Penguin Books, 1979, contains a definitive discussion on the origins and use of the English muffin
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