ISO 2145

International standard ISO 2145 defines a typographic convention for the "numbering of divisions and subdivisions in written documents". It applies to any kind of document, including manuscripts, books, journal articles, and standards.

Contents 1 Description 2 Example 3 Citations 4 Support in word processing software 5 References

Description

The ISO 2145 numbering scheme is defined by the following rules:

• Only Arabic numerals (1, 2, 3, …) are used.

• The main divisions are numbered continuously starting from 1.

• Each main division (first level) can be divided further into subdivisions (second level), which are equally continuously numbered. This can be continued for further levels of subdivision.

• A full stop is placed between numbers that designate subdivisions of different levels. No full stop is placed after the number that designates the final subdivision.

• A number 0 (zero) can be assigned to the first division of each level if it forms an introduction, preface, foreword, or the like.

Example

A table of contents might look like:

0	Foreword
1	Introduction
2	Methodology
2.1	Counting techniques
2.1.1	Manual procedures
2.1.1.1	Counting apples
2.1.1.2	Counting oranges
2.1.2	Automatic methods
2.2	Quality control
3	Results
4	Related work
4.1	Bean counting
4.2	Sheep counting
5	Conclusions

Citations

Division and subdivision numbers are cited in written text as in:

• … in chapter 4 …
• … as lemma 3.4.27 shows …
• … the 3rd paragraph in 2.4.1.7 …

In spoken language, the full stops are omitted:

• "… in chapter four …"
• "… as lemma three four twenty-seven shows …"
• "… the third paragraph in two four one seven …"

Support in word processing software

• All standard LaTeX document classes generate chapter, section, subsection, figure, table, etc. numbers exactly as defined by ISO 2145.

• As of 2003, all Microsoft Word versions are by default set up to add a full stop after the final section number. This does not conform to ISO 2145, however, Word can be reconfigured to follow ISO 2145.

References

• International Standard ISO 2145:1978, Documentation — Numbering of divisions and subdivisions in written documents. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva.
• British Standard BS 5848:1980, Specification for numbering of divisions and subdivisions in written documents (point-numbering).

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