List of Indian Victoria Cross recipients

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The Victoria Cross
The Victoria Cross

This is a list of recipients of the Victoria Cross by nationality. This list does not include the Victoria Cross awarded to the American Unknown Soldier of World War I Tomb of the Unknowns, buried in Arlington National Cemetery. He was awarded the VC posthumously in 1921. This gesture was reciprocated by the award of the Medal of Honor to the British Unknown Warrior.

The Victoria Cross (VC) is a military decoration awarded for valour "in the face of the enemy" to members of armed forces of some Commonwealth countries and previous British Empire territories. It takes precedence over all other postnominals and medals. It may be awarded to a person of any rank in any service and civilians under military command, and is presented to the recipient during an investiture by the British monarch. It is the joint highest award for bravery in the United Kingdom with the George Cross, which is the equivalent honour for valour not in the face of the enemy.[1] The VC has been awarded on 1356 occasions to 1353 individual recipients.

The original Royal Warrant did not contain a specific clause regarding posthumous awards, although official policy was to not award the VC posthumously. Between 1897 and 1901, several notices were issued in the London Gazette regarding soldiers who would have been awarded the VC had they survived. In a partial reversal of policy in 1902, six of the soldiers mentioned were granted the VC, but not "officially" awarded the medal. In 1907, the posthumous policy was completely reversed and medals were sent to the next of kin of the six officers and men.[2] The Victoria Cross warrant was not officially amended to explicitly allow posthumous awards until 1920 but one quarter of all awards for the First World War were posthumous.[3][4] In 1867, the VC was extended to colonial troops acting under British command. The extension was made following a recommendation for gallantry regarding colonial soldier Major Charles Heaphy for action in the New Zealand land wars in 1864.[5] He was operating under British command and the VC was gazetted in 1867. Colonial troops were not eligible for the VC during the New Zealand land wars, so the New Zealand Cross (1869) was created.[6]

Indian troops were not originally eligible for the Victoria Cross since they had been eligible for the Indian Order of Merit since 1837 which was the oldest British gallantry award for general issue. When the Victoria Cross was created, Indian troops were still controlled by the Honourable East India Company and did not come under Crown control until 1860. European officers and men serving with the Honourable East India Company were not eligible for the Indian Order of Merit and the Victoria Cross was extended to cover them in October 1857. It was only at the end of the 19th Century that calls for Indian troops to be awarded the Victoria Cross intensified. Indian troops became eligible for the award in 1911. The first awards to Indian troops appeared in the London Gazette on 7 December 1914 to Darwan Sing Negi and Khudadad Khan. Negi was presented with the Victoria Cross by King George V during a visit to troops in France. The presentation occurred on 5 December 1914 and he is one of a very few soldiers presented with his award before it appeared in the London Gazette.[7] In 1904, Frederick Russell Burnham was to be awarded the Victoria Cross for his valor in Southern Africa, but Burnham declined rather than renounce his U.S. citizenship—a requirement at the time. Instead, he was awarded the British Army's second highest commendation, the Distinguished Service Order.

Several Commonwealth countries have now created their own award systems. Australia, New Zealand, and Canada all now give out their own Victoria Crosses. Corporal Bill Apiata of the Special Air Service of New Zealand won the Victoria Cross for New Zealand in 2007 for his actions in Afghanistan. As the Victoria Cross for New Zealand is a separate award, it is not listed here.

Recipients by nationality

  •       Rows highlighted in orange contain links to separate pages which contain the recipients of countries with over 75 recipients
  •       This along with the *, indicates that the Victoria Cross was awarded posthumously
Name Nationality Date of action Conflict Unit Place of action Notes
Hutcheson, BellendenBellenden Hutcheson American 1918 World War One Canadian Expeditionary Force Queant Drocourt Support Line, France [8]
Metcalf, WilliamWilliam Metcalf American 1918 World War One Canadian Expeditionary Force Arras, France [8]
Mullin, GeorgeGeorge Mullin American 1917 World War One Canadian Expeditionary Force Passchendaele, Belgium [8]
Seeley, WilliamWilliam Seeley American 1864 Bombardment of Shimonoseki HMS Euryalus Shimonoseki, Japan
Zengel, RaphaelRaphael Zengel American 1918 World War One Canadian Expeditionary Force Warvillers, France [9]
AAA AustraliaAustralian recipients AAA AAA AA01 AAA
De Wiart, AdrianAdrian De Wiart Belgian 1916 World War One BB0044th Dragoon Guards La Boiselle, France
Hodge, SamuelSamuel Hodge British Virgin Islands 1866 Gambia Campaign BB0044th West India Regiment Tubabecelong, Gambia
AAB CanadaCanadian recipients AAB AAB AA02 AAB
Dinesen, ThomasThomas Dinesen Danish 1918 World War One BB04242nd Canadian Expeditionary Force Parvillers, France
Hansen, PercyPercy Hansen Danish 1915 World War One BB0066th Lincolnshire Regiment Gallipoli, Turkey
Lassen, AndersAnders Lassen Danish 1945* World War Two Special Boat Service Lake Comacchio, Italy
AAC EnglandEnglish recipients AAC AAC AA03 AAC
Sukanaivalu, SefanaiaSefanaia Sukanaivalu Fijian 1944* World War Two Fiji Infantry Regiment Mawaraka, Bougainville Island
Johnstone, WilliamWilliam Johnstone German 1854 Crimean War HMS Arrogant, RN Åland Islands, Finland [10]
Wooden, CharlesCharles Wooden German 1854 Crimean War BB01717th Lancers Balaclava, Crimea
Beharry, JohnsonJohnson Beharry Grenadian 2004 Iraq War Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment Amarah, Iraq
Hafiz, AbdulAbdul Hafiz Indian 1944* World War Two BB0099th Jat Infantry Imphal, India
Haidar, AliAli Haidar Indian 1945 World War Two BB01313th Frontier Force Rifles Fusignano, Italy
Singh, BadluBadlu Singh Indian 1918* World War One BB01414th Murray's Jat Lancers River Jordan, Palestine
Ram, BhandariBhandari Ram Indian 1944 World War Two BB01010th Baluch Regiment Arakan, Burma
Singh, ChattaChatta Singh Indian 1916 World War One BB0099th Bhopal Infantry Battle of the Wadi, Mesopotamia
Ram, ChheluChhelu Ram Indian 1943* World War Two BB0066th Rajputana Rifles Djebel Garci, Tunisia
Negi, DarwanDarwan Negi Indian 1914 World War One BB03939th Garhwal Rifles cFestubert, France
Din, FazalFazal Din Indian 1945 World War Two BB01010th Baluch Regiment Meiktila, Burma
Singh, GianGian Singh Indian 1945 World War Two BB01515th Punjab Regiment Kamye, Burma
Negi, GobarGobar Negi Indian 1915* World War One BB03939th Garhwal Rifles Neuve Chapelle, France
Singh, GobindGobind Singh Indian 1917 World War One BB02828th Light Cavalry Peizieres, France
Singh, IsharIshar Singh Indian 1921 Waziristan Campaign BB02828th Punjab Regiment Haidari Kach, India
Ram, KamalKamal Ram Indian 1944 World War Two BB0088th Punjab Regiment River Gari, Italy
Judge, KaramjeetKaramjeet Judge Indian 1945* World War Two BB4154/15th Punjab Regiment Meiktila, Burma
Khan, KhudadadKhudadad Khan Indian 1914 World War One BB129129th Duke of Connaught's Own Baluchis Hollebeke, Belgium
Lala Indian 1916 World War One BB04141st Dogras El Orah, Mesopotamia
Dast, MirMir Dast Indian 1915 World War One BB05555th Coke's Rifles Wieltje, Belgium
Jadav, NamdeoNamdeo Jadav Indian 1945 World War Two BB0055th Maratha Light Infantry Senio River, Italy
Singh, NandNand Singh Indian 1944 World War Two BB1111/11th Sikh Regiment Maungdaw-Buthidaung Road, Burma
Singh, ParkashParkash Singh Indian 1943 World War Two BB0088th Punjab Regiment Donbaik, Burma
Singh, PrakashPrakash Singh Indian 1945* World War Two BB01313th Frontier Force Rifles Kanlan Ywathit, Burma
Bhagat, PremindraPremindra Bhagat Indian 1941 World War Two Corps of Indian Engineers Gallabat, Abyssinia
Singh, RamRam Singh Indian 1944* World War Two BB0011st Punjab Regiment Kennedy Peak, Burma
Ram, RichhpalRichhpal Ram Indian 1941* World War Two BB0066th Rajputana Rifles Keren, Eritrea
Khan, ShahamadShahamad Khan Indian 1916 World War One BB08989th Punjab Regiment Beit Ayeesa, Mesopotamia
Shah, SherSher Shah Indian 1945* World War Two BB01616th Punjab Regiment Kyeyebyin, Burma
Singh, UmraoUmrao Singh Indian 1944 World War Two Royal Indian Artillery Kaladan Valley, Burma
Ghadge, YeshwantYeshwant Ghadge Indian 1944* World War Two Maratha Light Infantry Upper Tiber Valley, Italy
AAD IrelandIrish recipients AAD AAD AA04 AAD
Gordon, WilliamWilliam Gordon Jamaican 1892 Second Gambian Campaign West India Regiment Toniataba, Gambia
Leakey, NigelNigel Leakey Kenyan 1941* World War Two BB01212th African Division Colito, Abyssinia
Rai, AgansingAgansing Rai Nepalese 1944 World War Two BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Bishenpur, Burma
Gurung, BhanbhagtaBhanbhagta Gurung Nepalese 1945 World War Two BB0022nd Gurkha Rifles Tamandu, Burma
Ghale, GajeGaje Ghale Nepalese 1943 World War Two BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Chin Hills, Burma
Rana, KaranbahadurKaranbahadur Rana Nepalese 1918 World War One BB0033rd Gurkha Rifles El Kefr, Egypt
Thapa, KulbirKulbir Thapa Nepalese 1915 World War One BB0033rd Gurkha Rifles Fauquissart, France
Gurung, LachhimanLachhiman Gurung Nepalese 1945 World War Two BB0088th Gurkha Rifles Taungdaw, Burma
Thapa, NetrabahadurNetrabahadur Thapa Nepalese 1944* World War Two BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Bishenpur, Burma
Limbu, RambahadurRambahadur Limbu Nepalese 1965 Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation BB01010th Gurkha Rifles Sarawak, Borneo
Thapa, SherSher Thapa Nepalese 1944* World War Two BB0099th Gurkha Rifles San Marino, Italy
Gurung, ThamanThaman Gurung Nepalese 1944* World War Two BB0055th Royal Gurkha Rifles Monte San Bartolo, Italy
Pun, TulbahadurTulbahadur Pun Nepalese 1944 World War Two BB0066th Gurkha Rifles Mogaung, Burma
Andrew, LeslieLeslie Andrew New Zealander 1917 World War One Wellington Infantry Regiment La Bassee Ville, France
Bassett, CyrilCyril Bassett New Zealander 1915 World War One New Zealand Divisional Signal Company Gallipoli, Turkey
Brown, DonaldDonald Brown New Zealander 1916 World War One Otago Infantry Regiment High Wood, France [11]
Crichton, JamesJames Crichton New Zealander 1918 World War One BB500Auckland Infantry Regiment Crevecoeur, France
D'arcy, HenryHenry D'arcy New Zealander 1879 Anglo-Zulu War Frontier Light Horse Ulundi, South Africa
Elliott, KeithKeith Elliott New Zealander 1942 World War Two BB02222nd, 2nd New Zealand Division Ruweisat, Egypt
Forsyth, SamuelSamuel Forsyth New Zealander 1918* World War One Royal New Zealand Engineers Grevillers, France
Freyberg, BernardBernard Freyberg New Zealander 1916 World War One BB06363rd (Royal Naval) Division Beaucourt sur Ancre, France
Frickleton, SamuelSamuel Frickleton New Zealander 1917 World War One New Zealand Rifle Brigade Messines, Belgium
Grant, JohnJohn Grant New Zealander 1918 World War One Wellington Infantry Regiment Bancourt, France
Hardham, WilliamWilliam Hardham New Zealander 1901 Second Boer War BB0044th New Zealand Contingent Naauwpoort, South Africa
Heaphy, CharlesCharles Heaphy New Zealander 1864 New Zealand Wars BB501Auckland Militia Mangapiko River, New Zealand
Hinton, JohnJohn Hinton New Zealander 1941 World War Two BB02020th, 2nd New Zealand Division Kalamai, Greece
Hulme, AlfredAlfred Hulme New Zealander 1941 World War Two BB02323rd, 2nd New Zealand Division Crete, Greece
Judson, ReginaldReginald Judson New Zealander 1918 World War One BB500Auckland Infantry Regiment Bapaume, France
Laurent, HarryHarry Laurent New Zealander 1918 World War One New Zealand Rifle Brigade Gouzeaucourt Wood, France
Ngarimu, Moana-Nui-a-KiwaMoana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu New Zealander 1943* World War Two BB02828th, 2nd New Zealand Division Tebaga Gap, Tunisia
Nicholas, HenryHenry Nicholas New Zealander 1917 World War One Canterbury Infantry Regiment Polderhoek, Belgium
Sanders, WilliamWilliam Sanders New Zealander 1917* World War One HMS Prize Atlantic
Travis, RichardRichard Travis New Zealander 1918* World War One Otago Infantry Regiment Rossignol Wood, France
Trent, LeonardLeonard Trent New Zealander 1943 World War Two No. 487 Squadron RNZAF Amsterdam, Netherlands
Trigg, LloydLloyd Trigg New Zealander 1943* World War Two No. 200 Squadron RAF Atlantic
Upham, CharlesCharles Upham New Zealander 1941
1942		 World War Two BB02020th, 2nd New Zealand Division Crete, Greece, (1941),
Ruweisat Ridge, Egypt, (1942)		 [12]
Ward, JamesJames Ward New Zealander 1941* World War Two No. 75 Squadron RNZAF Munster, Germany
Croak, JohnJohn Croak Newfoundlander 1918* World War One BB01313th Battalion, CEF Amiens, France [13]
Ricketts, ThomasThomas Ricketts Newfoundlander 1918 World War One Royal Newfoundland Regiment Ledeghem, Belgium [13]
Henderson, HerbertHerbert Henderson Rhodesian 1897 Matabeleland Rebellion Bulawayo Field Force Bulawayo, Rhodesia
Baxter, FrankFrank Baxter Rhodesian 1896* Matabeleland Rebellion Bulawayo Field Force Umguza, Rhodesia
Booth, FrederickFrederick Booth Rhodesian 1917 World War One British South Africa Company Johannesbruck, German East Africa
Nettleton, JohnJohn Nettleton Rhodesian 1942 World War Two No. 44 (Rhodesia) Squadron Augsburg, Germany
AAE ScotlandScottish recipients AAE AAE AA05 AAE
Lama, GanjuGanju Lama Sikkimese 1944 World War Two BB0077th Gurkha Rifles Ningthoukhong, Burma
Albrecht, HermanHerman Albrecht South African 1900* Second Boer War Imperial Light Horse Ladysmith, South Africa
Beauchamp-Proctor, AndrewAndrew Beauchamp-Proctor South African 1918 World War One No. 84 Squadron RFC Western Front, France
Clements, JohnJohn Clements South African 1901 Second Boer War Rimington's Guide Strijdenburg, South Africa
Crowe, JosephJoseph Crowe South African 1857 Indian Mutiny BB07878th Regiment of Foot Boursekee Chowkee, India
D'arcy, HenryHenry D'arcy South African 1879 Zulu War Cape Frontier Light Horse Ulundi, South Africa
Danaher, JohnJohn Danaher South African 1881 First Boer War Nourse's (Transvaal) Horse Elandsfontein, South Africa [14]
Faulds, WilliamWilliam Faulds South African 1916 World War One BB0011st South African Infantry Delville Wood, France
Hartley, EdmundEdmund Hartley South African 1879 Zulu War Cape Mounted Riflemen Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Hayward, ReginaldReginald Hayward South African 1918 World War One Wiltshire Regiment Fremicourt, France
Hewitt, WilliamWilliam Hewitt South African 1917 World War One BB0022nd South African Light Infantry Ypres, Belgium
Martineau, HoraceHorace Martineau South African 1899 Second Boer War Protectorate Regiment Mafeking, South Africa
McCrea, JohnJohn McCrea South African 1881 First Boer War BB0011st Cape Mounted Yeomanry Tweefontein, South Africa
Mullins, CharlesCharles Mullins South African 1899 Second Boer War Imperial Light Horse Elandslaagte, South Africa
Nesbitt, RandolphRandolph Nesbitt South African 1896 Mashona Rebellion Mashonaland Mounted Police Salisbury, Rhodesia
Norton, GerardGerard Norton South African 1944 World War Two Kaffrarian Rifles Monte Gidolfo, Italy
O'Toole, EdmundEdmund O'Toole South African 1879 Zulu War Cape Frontier Light Horse Ulundi, South Africa
Ramsden, HoraceHorace Ramsden South African 1899 Second Boer War Protectorate Regiment Mafeking, South Africa
Reid, OswaldOswald Reid South African 1917 World War One King's (Liverpool) Regiment Dialah River, Mesopotamia
Robertson, ClementClement Robertson South African 1917 World War One Queen's Royal Regiment Zonnebeke, Belgium
Sherwood-Kelly, JohnJohn Sherwood-Kelly South African 1917 World War One Norfolk Regiment Marcoing, France
Smythe, QuentinQuentin Smythe South African 1942* World War Two Natal Carbineers Alem Hamza, Egypt
Swales, EdwinEdwin Swales South African 1945 World War Two South African Air Force Pforzheim, Germany
Horsfall, BasilBasil Horsfall Sri Lankan 1918* World War One East Lancashire Regiment Ablainzevelle, France
Barter, FrederickFrederick Barter Welsh 1915 World War One Royal Welch Fusiliers Festubert, France
Bye, RobertRobert Bye Welsh 1917 World War One Welsh Guards Yser Canal, Belgium
Chapman, EdwardEdward Chapman Welsh 1945 World War Two Monmouthshire Regiment Dortmund-Ems Canal, Germany
Davies, JamesJames Davies Welsh 1917* World War One Royal Welch Fusiliers Polygon Wood, Belgium
Evans, LewisLewis Evans Welsh 1917 World War One Black Watch (Royal Highlanders) Zonnebeke, Belgium
Fox-Russell, JohnJohn Fox-Russell Welsh 1917* World War One Royal Army Medical Corps Tel-el-Khuweilfeh, Palestine
Fuller, WilliamWilliam Fuller Welsh 1914 World War One Welch Regiment Chivy-sur-Aisne, France
Jones, RobertRobert Jones Welsh 1879 Zulu War BB02424th Regiment of Foot Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Lewis, HubertHubert Lewis Welsh 1916 World War One Welch Regiment Macukovo, Greece
Linton, JohnJohn Linton Welsh 1943* World War Two BB09797th Regiment of Foot At sea
Lumley, CharlesCharles Lumley Welsh 1855 Crimean War HMS Turbulent Sebastopol, Crimea
Monaghan, ThomasThomas Monaghan Welsh 1858 Indian Mutiny BB0022nd Dragoon Guards (Queen's Bays) Jamo, India
Rees, IvorIvor Rees Welsh 1917 World War One South Wales Borderers Pilkem, Belgium
Rees, LionelLionel Rees Welsh 1916 World War One Royal Flying Corps Double Crassieurs, France
Rowlands, HughHugh Rowlands Welsh 1854 Crimean War BB04141st (Welsh) Regiment of Foot Battle of Inkerman, Crimea
Shields, RobertRobert Shields Welsh 1855 Crimean War BB02323rd Regiment Sebastopol, Crimea
Thomas, JacobJacob Thomas Welsh 1857 Indian Mutiny Bengal Artillery Lucknow, India
Wain, RichardRichard Wain Welsh 1917* World War One BB499"A" Battalion, Tank Corps Cambrai/Marcoing, France
Warburton-Lee, BernardBernard Warburton-Lee Welsh 1940* World War Two British 2nd Destroyer Flotilla Narvik, Norway
Waring, WilliamWilliam Waring Welsh 1918* World War One Royal Welch Fusiliers Ronssoy, France
Watkins, TaskerTasker Watkins Welsh 1944 World War Two Welch Regiment Barfour, France
Weale, HenryHenry Weale Welsh 1918 World War One Royal Welch Fusiliers Bazentin-le-Grand, France
Williams, JackJack Williams Welsh 1918 World War One South Wales Borderers Villers Outreaux, France
Williams, JohnJohn Williams Welsh 1879 Zulu War BB02424th Regiment of Foot Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Williams, WilliamWilliam Williams Welsh 1917 World War One HMS Pargust Atlantic, near France [15]
Brown, PeterPeter Brown Swedish 1879 Basuto War Mounted Riflemen Morosi's Mountain, South Africa
Schiess, FriederichFriederich Schiess Swiss 1879 Anglo-Zulu War Natal Native Contingent Rorke's Drift, South Africa
Konowal, FilipFilip Konowal Ukranian 1917 World War One BB04747th (British Columbia) Lens, France [8]

See also

Notes and references

General
Specific
  1. ^ "The world's most exclusive club". Ministry of Defence (2007-04-30). Archived from the original on 2007-06-09. Retrieved on 2007-06-16.
  2. ^ London Gazette: no. 27986, page 325, 15 January 1907. Retrieved on 28 August, 2008.
  3. ^ Crook, MJ, Chapter 8 pp.68–90
  4. ^ London Gazette: no. 31946, page 6702, 18 June 1920. Retrieved on 19 September, 2008.
  5. ^ "Charles heaphy biography". New Zealand Encyclopedia (1966). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  6. ^ "New Zealand Cross". New Zealand Encyclopedia (1966). Retrieved on 2007-06-17.
  7. ^ Crook, MJ, Chapter 11. pp 117–125
  8. ^ a b c d Also considered Canadian recipient.
    Ricketts, Bruce. "American Victoria Cross recipients". Mysteries of Canada. Retrieved on 2008-01-26.
  9. ^ Zengel was American born, considered Canadian.
    Bishop, Arthur (September 2005). "On The Offensive In 1918". Legionmagazine. Archived from the original on 2007-03-11. Retrieved on 2008-01-26.
  10. ^ "Biography: John Bythesea VC". Royal Naval Museum. Retrieved on 2007-11-16.
  11. ^ Brown died in action three weeks after the action that led to his award.
    Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved on 2008-01-15. 
  12. ^ Charles Upham is one of only three people to have won the Victoria Cross twice.
    Lintock, A.H. "Awards to New Zealand Servicemen". An Encyclopedia of New Zealand, 1966. newzealand.govt.nz. Retrieved on 2008-01-15. 
  13. ^ a b Newfoundlander recipients of the Victoria Cross are sometimes erroneously included with Canadian awards, as Newfoundland became part of Canada in 1949.
    "Memorial to fallen Newfoundland soldiers declared National Historic Site", Government of Newfoundland and Labrador (1997-04-09). Retrieved on 2008-01-26. 
  14. ^ John Danaher was considered both Irish and South African.
    Monick, S.. "Positive and Negative: The Awards of the First South African War of Independence, 1880 - 1881". Military History 5 (5). South African Military History society. 
    "Victoria Cross holders born in Ireland". VictoriaCross.org. Retrieved on 2008-01-26.
  15. ^ Williams was chosen by ballot to be the recipient, after the actions of all seamen were deemed to be equal importance.
    Besly, Edward (2004-02-03). "A 'mystery' Victoria Cross and a stuffed parrot". National Museums & Galleries of Wales.
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