Pashtunization

All you want to know about Pashtunization

Kandahar lady of rank

Part of a series on
Pashtuns پښتون

Kingdoms (Hotaki · Durrani)
Pakistan · Afghanistan
Pashtunistan · Pakhtunkhwa
Pashtunization

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Pashtunization refers to the forced settling of Pashtun groups onto lands formerly belonging to other ethnic groups[1] or more broadly the erosion of the customs, traditions and language of non-Pashtun peoples due to the political and cultural power of the Pashtuns in Afghanistan.[2]

Pashtunization began as early as the 18th century under Ahmad Shah Durrani,[1] although some[3] cite the reign of Abdur Rahman Khan (in 19th century), and has continued up to the present. More recent attempts of Pashtunization were made by the Taliban regime.

Other episodes of Pashtunization processes have occurred in Pakistan to areas and particularly to urban centres where Pashtuns have migrated heavily. Examples are seen in certain quarters of Karachi, Rawalpindi and in south west Pakistan's Balochistan province. Pakistan's western Panjab province has seen considerable Pashtunization, where there has been considerable encroachment by the rapidly increasing Pashtun populations onto more fertile lands. Pashtuns have migrated heavily in recent years in search of better business opportunities, higher education and/or do their higher population growth and have began settling many areas outside of their traditional Pashtunkwa regions. The city of Karachi now has the largest urban concentration of Pashtuns in the world, other cities like Lahore has a growing Pashtun population of greater than 1 million despite being the capital of Panjab.[4].

Notes

  1. ^ a b Meri, Josef W. (2006). "Sedentarism", Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia. Taylor & Francis, 713. ISBN 0-415-96691-4.  in reference to the Duranni Empire citing Grötzbach, Erwin (1990) Afghanistan: eine geographische Landeskunde Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, ISBN 3-534-06886-6
  2. ^ Lansford, Tom (2003) A Bitter Harvest: US foreign policy and Afghanistan Ashgate, Aldershot, Hants, England, ISBN 0-7546-3615-1, page 16: "The modern history of Afghanistan has witnessed a "Pashtunization" of the state as the customs, traditions and language of the Pashtuns have combined with the groups political power to erode the distinctive underpinnings of Afghanistan's other groups.FN20". FN20 cites: US, Department of the Army, Afghanistan: A Country Study, 5th ed. reprint (Washington, DC.: GPO, 1985) page 108.
  3. ^ O. Roy, Ethnic Identity and Political Expression in Northern Afghanistan, in Muslims in Central Asia: Expressions of Identity and Change, 1992, ISBN 0-8223-1190-9.
  4. ^ United States, Committee on International Relations, Congress, House (2003). United States Policy in Afghanistan: Current Issues in Reconstruction. United States: For sale by the Supt. of Docs., U.S. G.P.O.. "Communities resisting 'Pashtunization' were 'infidels', their leaders 'warlords' or worse. While the Taliban enjoyed enormous public support in their ... " 

External links


Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pashtunization"

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