President of Iraq

All you want to know about President of Iraq

The President of Iraq is Iraq's head of state.

Contents

Presidents of the Republic of Iraq (1958-2003)

For most of the country's history, Iraq's presidents have been authoritarian dictators occupying an office without a clearly designed constitutional structure. Such presidents exercised all power single-handedly, operating only with the consultation of a small cabinet.

Name Born-Died Took Office Left Office Political Party
Muhammad Najib ar-Ruba'i 1904-1983 14 July 1958 8 February 1963 (deposed) Military
Abdul Salam Arif 1921-1966 8 February 1963 13 April 1966 (died in office) Military/Arab Socialist Union
Abd ar-Rahman al-Bazzaz (acting) 1913-1973 13 April 1966 16 April 1966 Military
Abdul Rahman Arif 1916-2007 16 April 1966 17 July 1968 (deposed) Military/Arab Socialist Union
Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr 1914-1982 17 July 1968 16 July 1979 (resigned) Military/Baath Party
Saddam Hussein 1937-2006 16 July 1979 9 April 2003 (deposed) Baath Party

Coalition Provisional Authority and Iraq Interim Governing Council (2003-2004)

Directors of Coalition Provisional Authority

The Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) was a caretaker government that held executive, legislative, and judicial power over Iraqi affairs from 2003 to 2004. It grew out of the Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance (ORHA), which was established by the U.S. government prior to its March 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Presidents of Interim Governing Council

Following the overthrow of Saddam Hussein during the US-led invasion of Iraq in 2003, an interim council ran Iraq under the American-led Coalition Provisional Authority. The council decided to have a 9-member collective presidency, in which formal chairmanship of the group would rotate on a monthly basis.

Name Born-Died Term in Office Ethnic Group
Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum (1st time, acting) 1923- 13 July - 31 July 2003 Shiite Arab
Ibrahim al-Jaafari 1947- August 2003 Shiite Arab
Ahmed Chalabi 1944- September 2003 Shiite Arab
Iyad Allawi 1945- October 2003 Shiite Arab
Jalal Talabani 1933- November 2003 Kurdish
Abdel-Aziz al-Hakim 1950- December 2003 Shiite Arab
Adnan Pachachi 1923- January 2004 Sunni Arab
Mohsen Abdel Hamid 1937- February 2004 Sunni Arab
Mohammed Bahr al-Uloum (2nd time) 1923- March 2004 Shiite Arab
Massoud Barzani 1946- April 2004 Kurdish
Ezzedine Salim 1943-2004 1 May - 17 May 2004 Shiite Arab
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer 1958- 17 May - 28 June 2004 Sunni Arab

Presidents of the State of Iraq (2004-Present)

In 2004 the council approved an interim constitution, called the Law of Administration for the State of Iraq for the Transitional Period. Following the transfer of sovereignty to the Iraqi people on June 28, 2004, Iraq's new Head of State is a "President of State", chosen by the elected National Assembly and run the three-person executive Presidency Council. The State President's powers are limited, with most executive authority belonging to the Prime Minister of Iraq.

According to the Constitution, the Presidency Council currently functions as the role of the President until one successive term after the Constitution is ratified[1] and a government is seated.[2]

Name Born-Died Term start Term end Political Party Ethnic Group
Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer 1958- 28 June 2004 6 April 2005 The Iraqis Sunni Arab
Jalal Talabani 1933- 6 April 2005 Present Patriotic Union of Kurdistan Kurdish
  • In May 2004, outgoing council president Ghazi Mashal Ajil al-Yawer was chosen by the council to serve as the first Interim Iraqi State President under the Iraqi Interim Government until parliamentary elections could be held.
  • In April 2006, after the ratification of the new Iraqi Constitution in 2005, Jalal Talabani was elected as President of the Republic of Iraq under the new Constitution, and thus became the first President of the permanent Government established by the new constitutional order.
  • During the trial of Saddam Hussein from 2004-2006, Hussein often referred to himself as "Saddam Hussein, President of Iraq", despite the fact he had been overthrown. However, some international law scholars and critics of the U.S. invasion of Iraq argued that under international law, Hussein was still legally the President of Iraq even though he no longer was in power. Under international law, a head of state can lose his position only by actions undertaken by the indigenous people of that nation; e.g. defeat in a popular election, or a military coup. Since the Iraqi people did not take action against Hussein or demand his resignation as did the Indonesian people with Suharto in 1998, it was not considered valid that he lost his status. Hussein's removal from office was a result of the US invasion, which may also be questionable under international law as to its legitimacy. Hussein was executed in December 2006.

See also

v • d • e
Asia
Sovereign
states
Dependencies,
autonomies,
other territories
Italics indicates an unrecognised or partially recognised country.  1 Sometimes included in Europe, depending on the border definitions.  2 Also known as Myanmar.  3 Sometimes included in Oceania, and also known as Timor-Leste.  4 Transcontinental country.  5 Commonly known as Taiwan. 

References

  1. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 6, Chapter 2, Article 134
  2. ^ Constitution of Iraq, Section 6, Chapter 2, Article 139
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Iraq"

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